Skin and Structural Changes
to the Vulva

Structural Changes in VLS

1. Labial Fusion and Clitoral Hood Adhesion​

   • What it means: Labial fusion happens when the inner folds of skin join together, and clitoral hood adhesion occurs when the skin covering the clitoris attaches to it, often caused by irritation or scarring.

   • Untreated cases are particularly at risk, with progressive scarring and fibrosis leading to permanent anatomical changes.

2. Chronic VLS often results in structural changes such as the fusion of the labia and clitoral hood adhesion. These alterations can significantly impair sexual and physical functioning (Bradford & Fischer, 2010; Günthert et al., 2012).

3. Narrowing of the Vaginal Introitus

   • Narrowing of the vaginal opening is another common structural complication. This often contributes to dyspareunia and physical discomfort, affecting a patient’s quality of life and ability to engage in sexual activity (Burrows et al., 2011).

4. Impact of Scarring and Atrophy

   • Scarring and thinning of the vulvar skin can change the natural shape and appearance of the area, making it look flatter or different. These changes can affect how someone feels about their body and may cause emotional distress (Yıldız et al., 2020). In addition, these structural changes can make everyday activities like sitting or walking uncomfortable, adding to both the physical and emotional challenges of the condition.